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Glyoxal

Product Introduction

Glyoxal Basic information

Product Name:	Glyoxal
Synonyms:	BISFORMYL;glyoxylaldehyde;GLYOXAL SOLUTION;GLYOXAL;DIFORMYL;ETHANEDIAL;1,2-ethanedione;(CHO)2
CAS:	107-22-2
MF:	C2H2O2
MW:	58.04
EINECS:	203-474-9
Product Categories:	Aldehydes;Building Blocks;C1 to C6;Carbonyl Compounds;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks;Pharmaceutical Intermediates;107-22-2
Mol File:	107-22-2.mol

Glyoxal Chemical Properties

Melting point	-14 °C
Boiling point	104 °C
density	1.265 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density	>1 (vs air)
vapor pressure	18 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index	n20/D 1.409
Fp	104°C
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	water: soluble(lit.)
form	Liquid
color	Clear colorless to yellow
Odor	yel. crystals or lt. yel. liq., mild odor
Water Solubility	miscible
Merck	14,4509
BRN	1732463
Exposure limits	ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability:	Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Strong reducing agent. May polyermize exothermically. Incompatible with air, water, oxygen, peroxides, amides, amines, hydroxy-containing materials, nitric acid, aldehydes. Corrodes many metals.
InChIKey	LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP	-1.15 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference	107-22-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Ethanedial(107-22-2)
EPA Substance Registry System	Glyoxal (107-22-2)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes	Xn
Risk Statements	20-36/38-43-68
Safety Statements	36/37
RIDADR	UN 1760
WGK Germany	1
RTECS	MD2700000
Autoignition Temperature	545 °F
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	29121900
Hazardous Substances Data	107-22-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity	LD50 in rats, guinea pigs (mg/kg): 2020, 760 orally (Smyth)

MSDS Information

Provider	Language
SigmaAldrich	English
ACROS	English
ALFA	English

Glyoxal Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties	colourless or light yellow liquid
Uses	ermanent-press fabrics; dimensional stabilization of rayon and other fibers. Insolubilizing agent for compounds containing polyhydroxyl groups (polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and cellulosic materials); insolubilizing of proteins (casein, gelatin, and animal glue); embalming fluids; leather tanning; paper coatings with hydroxyethylcellulose; reducing agent in dyeing textiles.
Uses	Glyoxal is used in the production of textilesand glues and in organic synthesis.
Uses	Glyoxal is used to prepare 4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone by condensation with urea. It finds application in leather tanning process, textile finishes and paper coatings. It is an important building block in the synthesis of imidazoles. It acts as a solubilizer and cross-linking agent in polymer chemistry. Further, it is used as a fixative for histology to preserve cells in order to examine under a microscope.
Definition	ChEBI: Glyoxal is the dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons. It has a role as a pesticide, an agrochemical, an allergen and a plant growth regulator.
General Description	Yellow crystals melting at15°C. Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor. Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Air & Water Reactions	Mixtures with air may explode. Polymerizes quickly on standing, or on contact with a trace of water (possibly a violent reaction), or when dissolved in solvents containing water, [Merck, 502(1968)]. Soluble in water. An aqueous solution contains mono molecular Glyoxal. [Hawley]
Reactivity Profile	Glyoxal reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid. Polymerizes rapidly even at low temperature if anhydrous [Noller]. Aqueous solutions are more stable but also polymerize on standing. Reacts with itself in the presence of base to give glyconates. Undergoes addition and condensation reactions that may be exothermic with amines, amides, aldehydes, and hydroxide-containing materials. Mixing in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ethyleneimine, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide [NFPA 1991].
Hazard	Mixture of vapor and air may explode. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard	Glyoxal is a skin and eye irritant; the effectmay be mild to severe. Its vapors are irritatingto the skin and respiratory tract. Anamount of 1.8 mg caused severe irritation inrabbits' eyes. Glyoxal exhibited low toxicityin test subjects. Ingestion may cause somnolenceand gastrointestinal pain. LD50 value, oral (guinea pigs): 760 mg/kg.
Health Hazard	Inhalation causes some irritation of nose and,40% solution throat. Contact with liquid,40% solution irritates eyes and causes mild irritation of skin; stains skin yellow. (No information available on symptoms of ingestion.)
Fire Hazard	Behavior in Fire: Heat may cause polymerization to a combustible, viscous material.
Flammability and Explosibility	Not classified
Safety Profile	Low toxicity by SYN: AEROTEX GLYOXAL 40 ingestion and skin contact. A skin irritant. A powerful reducing agent. May explode on contact with air. Polymerizes violently on contact with water. During storage it may spontaneously polymerize and ignite. Reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene imine, HNO3, oleum, NaOH, can cause violent reactions. Can explode during manufacture. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ALDEHYDES.
Waste Disposal	Glyoxal is mixed with a combustible solventand burned in a chemical incineratorequipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

Glyoxal Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Methanol-->Sodium nitrite-->Aluminum oxide-->Ethylene glycol-->Cupric oxide-->Acetaldehyde-->Quartz tubing, fused, 12.7mm (0.5in) OD for compression type fittings-->strongly acidic type cation exchange resin-->Silver catalyst-->NS-398-->WEAKLY BASIC ANION EXCHANGE RESIN

Preparation Products

Imidazole-->Glyoxylic acid-->Fluorescent Brightener 185-->4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-->2-Methylimidazole-->6-QUINOXALINECARBOXYLIC ACID-->2-Chloropyrazine-->4-Hydroxy-D-(-)-2-phenylglycine-->6-CHLOROQUINOXALINE-->2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene-->1,2-Dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole-->4'-(IMIDAZOL-1-YL)ACETOPHENONE-->4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide-->Allantoin-->Berberine-->Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-->Quinoxaline-->6,7-DINITROQUINOXALINE-->4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)imidazolidin-2-one-->Metronidazole-->CYAZOFAMID-->2-HYDROXYPYRAZINE-->2,3-Pyrazinecarboxylic anhydride-->2-Methoxy-3-sec-butyl pyrazine-->Glyoxalbis(2-hydroxyanil)-->4-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol-->Amiloride hydrochloride-->2-Amino-4-hydroxy-1H-pteridine-->finishing agent for cotton fabric-->2-Isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine-->30% sulfaclozine-->2-Methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine-->Ethylpyrazine-->2,6-Dichloropyrazine

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